Mukhanova M. Enterpreneurship in the Russian agricultural sector. Voprosy teoreticheskoy ekonomiki. 2023. No. 4. Pp. 155–173. DOI: 10.52342 ...

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Abstract

The article is devoted to the formation of entrepreneurial layers on the example of heads of farms and entrepreneurs of informal sector structures in the agricultural labor market, based on Rosstat panel studies on employment of rural residents and their households for 2011-2022 and data from agricultural censuses of 20062021. The factors of their formation and stability (crystallization) are considered in the conditions of severe institutional pressure of 30-year agrarian reforms, the criteria of which are an increase in ownership of agricultural land, the growth of agricultural production and its export to world markets. These indicators demonstrated the entrepreneurial potential based on authority as a characteristic of subjects with a high level of social capital, possessing, in addition to skills and competencies, the social connections necessary to transform into material and financial income within the existing economic conditions and institutional requirements. The analysis showed that farmers and entrepreneurs as entrepreneurial strata differ in resource potential, values, implemented social, labor practices and integration into a new innovative economy. Results of the analysis of socio-structural processes in the Russian countryside showed a socio-economic and institutional environment that affects the development of farms, business structures and the state of the agricultural labor market, where the movement of labor and the level of employment in the formal and informal sectors by agriculture, income, the socio-economic situation of households was revealed. The indicators of sectoral employment in the labor market demonstrate the historical moment of the rural world, when traditional forms of management are leaving, the familiar contours of the social structure of the village disappear and new social strata arise that construct the modern reality of rural areas.