Ledeneva V. Yu. Sociological dimension of social adaptation of labor migrants: regional aspect

Abstract

He purpose of the study is to identify the degree of adaptability of migrants and evaluate the effectiveness of adaptation measures carried out by the authorities in the subjects of the Far East (on the example of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)). The research methodology is based on statistics from the Main Department of Internal Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Rosstat, information and analytical materials from federal and regional authorities, and empirical data from an expert survey conducted in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in February 2021. A total of 53 experts were interviewed. The results of the study revealed a direct dependence of the limited ethno-social and cultural attitudes of labor migrants towards adaptation on the migration policy pursued in the region. The choice of region is not accidental. After the events of March 2019 and anti-migration rallies in Yakutsk, the regional authorities radically changed the vector in the management of external migration, identifying priority areas. On the one hand, control over migrants arriving in the region was tightened, on the other hand, new programs for the adaptation and integration of migrants were developed. A theoretical review of scientific research is shown from the point of view of the genesis of the main definitions. Currently, extremely contradictory scientific ideas have developed around the semantic content of the concepts of «adaptation» and «integration». The ambiguity and uncertainty of understanding these concepts leads to a variety of research positions. The main resources that contribute to the successful adaptation of labor migrants have been identified. The result of the study is the typical model of multi-level regulation of adaptation and integration of migrants proposed by the author, which includes a system of criteria and indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of this process. Prospects for further research. The approaches and techniques proposed by the author for developing a multilevel model of migrants’ adaptation can be used as a methodological basis for conducting regional studies.