Chernysheva N.V. Labor mobilization of the population of the Volga-Vyatka region during the Great Patriotic War. Humanities in Siberia. 2022. Vol. 29. No. 4. Pp. 27-34.

Abstract

The article is devoted to the analysis of labor mobilizations of the population of the Volga-Vyatka region during the period of the Great Patriotic War. The author defines labor mobilization as a system of state measures to involving human resources in the national economy in order to solve social and economic problems. A brief analysis of the degree of the issue research and the review of historical sources are observed in the article. The goal of the study is to define the forms, coverage and mechanisms of attracting the Volga-Vyatka region population to work within the framework of labor mobilizations in 1941–1945. The research is based on general scientific, special-historical and statistical methods. Considering labor mobilization as a process, the author distinguishes two stages and describes each of them. At the first stage (June 1941 – January 1942) – labor mobilizations were of an urgent characteristic and an inherent part of the country's transition to a wartime economy. At the second stage (February 1942 – May 1945) – mobilization mechanisms are concentrated within the framework of the activities of the Committee for registration and distribution of labor force. The researcher identifies three forms of labor mobilization: the attraction of young people to educational institutions of the state labor reserves; labor mobilization of the urban and rural population; labor duties. During the period from 1942 up to July 1945, almost 12 million people were mobilized across the country, of which 1084.5 thousand people were residents of the Volga-Vyatka region, who were mainly mobilized for a season work and also for industry and constructing (mainly in Gorky and Kirov regions). A large-scale involvement of the population in labor through the labor mobilization became possible due to the geographical expansion, by increasing of the contingent, tightening of the labor legislation, as well as through the means of territorial redistribution of labor resources (intraregional and interregional).