Mikryukov N.Yu., Bezverbny V.A., Lukashenko E.A. Interregional differences in life expectancy in Russia: dynamics and patterns. Bulletin of the South Russian State Technical University (NPI). Series: Socio-economic Sciences. 2025; 18(2): 50–66. (In Russ.). http: ...

Текст статьи на сайте журнала URL: https://vestnik.npi-tu.ru/index.php/vestnikSRSTU/article/view/2690/2652 (дата обращения 16.06.2025)

Abstract

The aim of the study is to explain the causes of the dynamics and regional distribution of life expectancy, as well as such negative social phenomena as mortality from external causes and from suicide. The relevant issue is to identify the causes of the dynamics of life expectancy, as well as its spatial distribution. The methodological basis of the study includes graphical analysis of the dynamics of life expectancy, historical-contextual method for comparing fluctuations with historical periods, as well as the assessment of mortality rates from external causes as indicators of social disadvantage. The cartographic method and the method of cross-sections are applied to analyze the spatial distribution of the indicator, to identify the areas of maximum and minimum. Results of the study. With the help of graphical method and historical context it was noticed that sharp jumps in excess mortality occurred in the periods of hyperinflation in the early 1990s and ruble devaluation after 1998. With the help of graphical, cartographic and comparative methods the territory was zoned by life expectancy, mortality from external causes and suicide rate. An interdisciplinary approach was used to explain their spatial distribution. In recent years there has been an increase in the unevenness of regional development, the capital and the oil and gas region are moving ahead, and not so dynamic improvements in other regions. One of the main reasons for negative social phenomena is low incomes in the regions, and sometimes depriving the local population of the opportunity to engage in traditional trades. Research perspectives. A comprehensive analysis of life expectancy in the context of assessing the population’s excess mortality opens up significant prospects for further scientific research and practical application of the results obtained. First of all, the revealed spatial patterns of distribution of this indicator create a methodological basis for the development of differentiated regional strategies to reduce excess mortality. The territorial heterogeneity of life expectancy requires the adaptation of national programmes to the specific demographic, socio-economic and cultural characteristics of the regions. This line of research will improve the effectiveness of targeted measures to reduce mortality and increase life expectancy of the population.