Rakhmonov A.Kh., Akramov Sh.Yu. External and internal factors of migration from Central Asian countries abroad: literature review. Labour and Social Relations. 2025. Vol. 35. No. 2. Pp. 144-153. DOI: 10.20410 ...

Текст статьи/выпуска на сайте журнала URL: https://atiso.ru/upload/iblock/cb8/iv2h39xq941wi0tzcq782y9909fc7jzi/-2_2025.pdf (дата обращения 30.06.2025)

Abstract

Migration from Central Asia is a significant socio-economic phenomenon, with millions of individuals from Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan moving abroad in search of better opportunities. This study examines the internal and external factors influencing migration, categorizing them into push factors (economic hardship, demographic pressure, political instability, and environmental challenges) and pull factors (economic opportunities, established migrant networks, cultural ties, and access to education). Through a comprehensive literature review, this research analyzes the perspectives of various scholars on migration trends in the region. While some scholars emphasize the economic necessity of migration, highlighting its role in sustaining household incomes through remittances, others warn of the long-term risks, including remittance dependency, brain drain, and governance challenges. The study also explores the role of destination countries, particularly Russia, Turkey, and OECD nations, in attracting Central Asian migrants through economic incentives, social networks, and shared linguistic and cultural ties.