Makar S.V., Kroshilin S.V. Modern trends in labor activity: changing technological patterns, artificial intelligence and digitalization. Discussion. 2025. No. 6 (139). Pp. 6-17. DOI: 10.46320 ...

Текст статьи/выпуска на сайте журнала URL: https://discussionj.ru/index.php/polemik/issue/view/40/52 (дата обращения 18.12.2025)

Abstract

The relevance of the article is determined by the emphasis on national priorities, among which the need to ensure Russia's technological sovereignty in the context of changing technological patterns occupies a key place. The National Strategy for the Development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) currently being implemented assumes its application in key areas of activity to solve economic problems of various aspects and scales. The Russian economy is officially transitioning to a new technological order in the first quarter of the 21st century. In the intensive process of digitalization of various types of economic activity and the use of AI, the labor market is being transformed, including the disappearance of certain professions and the emergence of new forms of work. The purpose of the study is to identify trends in the development of information and communication technologies (ICT) and identify the impact of the latter on the modern labor market; to identify the risks of profession substitution, which is appropriate both from the perspective of the state (in the context of the effectiveness of public investment in training) and from the perspective of the employer (in the context of business processes), and from the perspective of a person as an employee with specific knowledge and competencies (in order to maintain their competitive advantages in the labor market). Based on the application of a set of research methods, including content analysis, expert approach, sociological survey, modeling method (historical, mathematical), rating method, etc. The authors note the phenomenon of "acceleration" in technological development based on the implementation of information and communication technologies (ICT) in Russia, the active diffusion of ICT innovations and the transition of the Russian economy to the sixth technological order. In this context, the article focuses on a systematic vision of the transition process, taking into account its multidimensional nature, with a special focus on the development of knowledge and competencies in the formation of personnel for the implementation of new forms of work, the emergence of new specialties and other features of the labor market transformation. The authors emphasize that AI is a "lock-in" technology, which is based on the basic technologies of a new technological order; the spread of AI technologies is associated with a new industrial revolution.; modern AI is both a tool and a service; the importance of AI is determined by its unequal demand in various fields of activity, the ranked list of which includes the "top three" - predicate analytics, process management, and customer service. The authors present an algorithm for constructing and a weighted rating of professions in the Russian labor market that are most likely to "disappear" due to the introduction of AI into production and service provision. The analysis of the formed three categories of professions, differing in the level of risk of substitution in the labor market, is carried out.