Voronov V.V. Sociology of the General and Special in the Spatial Development of Russia. The Monitoring of Law Enforcement. No 4 (57). Pp. 135-145. DOI: 10.24412 ...

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Abstract

The purpose of the study is to identify the necessary factors underlying the uniformity and diversity of Russia's spatial development, reflecting the identity of the state and influencing its sustainable development. Research methods: interdisciplinary, complex, typological spatial, socio-economic and socio-cultural analyses. The results of domestic and foreign research on the research topic, analysis of regulatory documents, statistical data, review and analysis of archival materials, expert assessments and production reports were used. General scientific and sociological methods were also used: comparative, historical, logical, case study. The results obtained: the main factors determining both the uniformity and diversity of Russia's spatial development in ontological, epistemological and social aspects are identified. According to the results of the study, the relationship between the general and the singular in the spatial development of Russia has been revealed, which manifests itself in the form of a special one, that is, in specific ways, measures and instruments of the dynamics of socio-economic, socio-cultural life of certain local spaces of the country (regions, small towns), which before the economic transformations of 1991 They were quite prosperous and developed steadily on the basis of a comprehensive state-wide Union, regional, and local policy of planning, supply, and resettlement of productive forces in the country. The absence of such a policy leads to spontaneous projects of spatial development of Russian regional small towns, without relying on social science, on the Soviet experience, required by the time and security of Russia, as shown by the practical example of the past, present and uncertain future of the Ural industrial small town. Scientific novelty: it has been determined that any social object of Russian society (employee, family, labor, enterprise, city, school, university, hospital, cultural center, etc., etc.) taken in a specific integrity is a special social object, different in many ways and connected in many ways with the same objects in integrity at the general level. It is revealed that Russian society produces and reproduces in a specific historical socio-economic system a contradictory common as a whole: a healthy society of the Russian mentality (labor and fair) and a sick society of an alien mentality (profit and inequality). Currently, production and reproduction of the latter prevail, but social memory remembers the experience of the former and insists on its revival.