Azhigulova A.I., Uvarov S.N., Chernysheva N.V. Demographic processes among the Udmurts of Bashkiria in 1959-1989. Bulletin of Archeology, Anthropology and Ethnography. 2026. No. 1. Pp. 127-134.

Текст статьи на сайте журнала URL: https://ipdn.ru/_private/a72/a72-13.htm (дата обращения 27.03.2026)

Abstract

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of demographic processes — including population dynamics, composition, and birth and death rates — among the Udmurt population of Bashkiria in 1959–1989. For the first time, the demographic reproduction of the Udmurts in Bashkiria in 1958–1979 is examined using current statistical records and population census data. Relative indicators, including birth rates, death rates, and infant mortality, are calculated for this period. The number of Udmurts in Bashkiria increased until 1970, followed by a decline. Overall, the Udmurt population decreased by 6.7 % between 1959 and 1989. A gender imbalance in favor of females can be observed among the Udmurts of the region throughout the study period, although this disparity gradually diminished over time. Despite ongoing urbanization processes, the Udmurt population of Bashkiria remained rural throughout the period under review. After 1963, the birth rate declined. With a stable average mortality rate and a sharp reduction in infant mortality, the natural population increase diminished accordingly. Calculated relative indicators substantiate these trends. During the period between two censuses (1959–1979), the Udmurt population in the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic increased by only 518 individuals. During the same period, the natural increase among them was 9,213 people. This discrepancy suggests that nearly the entire natural population growth among the Udmurts was offset by migration and assimilation processes.