Vartanova, M.L. Territorial and institutional barriers to interregional trade in agricultural products of Russia and the CIS in the context of rural depopulation. Regional problems of economic transformation. 2026. No. 2 (184). Pp. 237-251.

Abstract

The article analyzes the role of interregional economic cooperation in overcoming institutional barriers to trade in agricultural products in Russia and the CIS in the context of depopulation. The purpose of the study is to identify institutional mechanisms (quotas, quality standards, logistics centers) that contribute to balancing demographic imbalances (rural depopulation, migration) and the stability of food supplies. The relevance of the study is due to the projected reduction of the CIS population by 5-7% by 2030, with an increase in demand for food by 30-50%. The paper analyzes demographic factors (depopulation, labor migration) affecting supply and demand, as well as institutional barriers hindering the development of effective interregional trade in agricultural products. It examines the introduction of demographic indicators into agricultural regulatory institutions and the impact of institutions on interregional trade and relations between Russia and the CIS countries. It evaluates indicators of food security in the CIS- an analysis of the dynamics of trade relations between the CIS regions has been carried out, taking into account their contribution to the food base. Special attention is paid to the tools for developing trade and economic ties in the context of demographic changes and institutional transformations, including the model of demographically oriented institutionalization of agriculture. Based on the institutional and demographic approach and data from Rosstat, Eurostat, and FAO for 2020-2025, a comparative analysis of agricultural trade flows within the EAEU and the CIS was conducted. Key barriers have been identified. demographic decline (15-20% decrease in rural population), institutional gaps (inconsistency of standards) and logistical constraints. A model of demographically oriented institutionalization is proposed, including. (1) creation of joint demographic funds for migration of agricultural workers; (2) harmonization of standards through interregional platforms, taking into account cross-border reserves; digitalization of supply chains, taking into account population projections. The implementation of the model will reduce food risks by 15-20% and ensure an even distribution of the burden on regions with low population density. The findings emphasize the need for demographic-oriented institutions for sustainable agricultural cooperation in depopulating regions.