Ryazantsev S.V. Disability Among Returning Migrant Workers In Tajikistan: A Multi-Method Research Study : monograph Ryazantsev S.V. Disability Among Returning Migrant Workers In Tajikistan: A Multi-Method Research Study : monograph / S.V. Ryazantsev, A.E. Ivanova. — Moscow : INFRA-M, 2026. — 103 p. — DOI 10.12737/2276946. ISBN 978-5-16-115276-8 (online).ISBN 978-5-16-115276-8DOI 10.12737/2276946Posted on site: 13.10.26 AbstractThis monograph presents the results of a study on disability among returning migrant workers in Tajikistan. The study examines the prevalence and causes of disability among returning migrant workers, as well as their challenges, needs, and access to social and health services. The study shows that Tajik migrant workers are at signifi cant risk of becoming trapped in a vicious circle of poor social protection, socioeconomic marginalization, migration, and disability. The study highlights the need to improve migrant workers’ access to social and health services, including support for labor market reintegration, in Tajikistan. Policy interventions should particularly consider the rural population and gender-specifi c health risks, needs, and barriers to services among returning migrant workers. The study utilized quantitative and qualitative methods, including a literature review, policy analysis, two cross-sectional studies (a household survey and a survey of individuals with offi cial disability status), and semi-structured in-depth interviews with key informants and returning migrant workers with disabilities. The monograph is recommended for specialists in the fi elds of healthcare, social protection, migration policy, as well as scientists and students.Àâòîðû:, Content (in russ)hide table of contentsshow table of contents Context About the authors ....................................................................................................................................................................3 Abstract.........................................................................................................................................................................................5 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................................................................7 Defi nitions....................................................................................................................................................................................9 List of Acronyms and Abbreviations .............................................................................................................................. 11 Executive summary ............................................................................................................................................................... 12 1. Introduction......................................................................................................................................................................... 15 2. Research methods ............................................................................................................................................................ 17 2.1. Purpose, objectives, and hypotheses of the study ........................................................................................ 17 2.2. Research design ........................................................................................................................................................... 19 2.2.1. Components of the study .......................................................................................................................... 19 2.2.2. Sampling ........................................................................................................................................................... 20 2.3. Data instruments and data collection process ................................................................................................ 24 2.4. Data analysis ................................................................................................................................................................. 25 2.5. Ethical considerations................................................................................................................................................ 26 3. Results.................................................................................................................................................................................... 27 3.1. Literature and policy review on migration and disability ........................................................................... 27 3.1.1. Labour migration and disability: A review of the scientific literature ....................................... 27 3.1.2. Labour migration and disability: A review of international and national policies ............... 29 3.1.3. Tajikistan’s national policies on labour migration and disability ................................................ 39 3.1.4. Registration and access to healthcare for Tajik migrant workers in the Russian Federation and Kazakhstan .......................................................................................... 43 3.2. Results based on the quantitative and qualitative data analysis ............................................................. 52 3.2.1. Prevalence of functional limitations and disabilities among returning migrant workers ............................................................................................................................................. 52 3.2.2. Socio-demographic characteristics of migrant workers with functional limitations and disabilities ................................................................................................................................................ 52 3.2.3. Living and working conditions of Tajik migrant workers in destination countries ............. 58 3.2.4. Associations between labour migration and disability .................................................................. 66 3.2.5. Access to health and social services for returning migrant workers with disabilities in Tajikistan................................................................................................................................ 68 3.2.6. Labour market integration and life strategies of returning migrant workers with disabilities ............................................................................................................................................... 73 3.2.7. The psychosocial well-being of returning migrant workers with disabilities ........................ 75 4. Discussion ............................................................................................................................................................................ 76 5. Recommendations ............................................................................................................................................................ 83 References................................................................................................................................................................................. 89 Appendix No. 1. Schedule of the research project in 2021–2022....................................................................... 94 Appendix No. 2. Questions on migration experience added to JICA household survey instrument ................................................................................................................................................................................ 96 Appendix No. 3. Interview guide for in-depth interviews with returning migrant workers with disabilities .....................................................................................................................................................................100 Appendix No. 4. Interview guide for in-depth interviews with key informants ..........................................102