Makeeva S.B. The Role of Internal Labour Migration in the History of the Daqing Oil Field (1949–1978). Vestnik Severnogo (Arkticheskogo) federal’nogo universiteta. Ser.: Gumanitarnye i sotsial’nye nauki, 2023, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 5–14. DOI: 10.37482 ...

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Abstract

The article defines the role of Chinese state policy in using internal labor migration to ensure the accelerated pace of socialist construction of such large industrial facilities as the Daqing oil field. The history of the People's Republic of China in the period from 1949 to 1978 is rich in examples of labor mobilization of military, technical workers, and youth for the construction and organization of industrial enterprises located in difficult climatic conditions. After the discovery of the Daqing oil field in the northeastern province of Heilongjiang in 1959, over 40 thousand military personnel, engineers, and oil workers were resettled there. Chinese workers from the eastern and western provinces took an active part in organizing the process of exploration, drilling, oil production, transport delivery, launching water supply, and construction of storage facilities. Migrant workers quickly built new and modern settlements in the oil fields in the extremely harsh northern conditions. Daqing workers persevered through all the difficulties and the main slogan for them was “Work hard, overcome difficulties, do your best to fight.” The selfless work of internal migrants was highly appreciated by the government and Chinese society as a whole. More than 5 thousand factories and enterprises throughout China produced mechanical, electrical products and equipment for Daqing. 200 research and development units provided technical support to Daqing oil workers. In the 1960s, the economic campaign “Learn in everything from Daqing” became widespread to transfer the experience of building this oil field to other regions of China. Party and government officials Zhou Enlai. Zhu De. Dong Biu. He Long. Chen Yi visited Daqing several times.